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Heavy stone slabs (not to be confused with slate) 1–2 inches thick were formerly used as roofing tiles in some regions in England, the Alps, and Scandinavia. Stone slabs require a very heavyweight roof structure, but their weight makes them stormproof. An obsolete roofing material, now used commercially only for building restoration.
This is a list of insulation materials used around the world. Typical R-values are given for various materials and structures as approximations based on the average of available figures and are sorted by lowest value. R-value at 1 m gives R-values normalised to a 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) thickness and sorts by median value of the range.
Hempcrete has been used in France since the early 1990s, and more recently in Canada, to construct non-weight bearing insulating infill walls, as hempcrete does not have the requisite strength for constructing foundation and is instead supported by the frame. [8] Hempcrete was also used to renovate old buildings made of stone or lime. [9]
A thatched roof ensures that a building is cool in summer and warm in winter. Thatch also has very good resistance to wind damage when applied correctly. Thatching materials range from plains grasses to waterproof leaves found in equatorial regions. It is the most common roofing material in the world, because the materials are readily available ...
Rigid panel insulation, also known as continuous insulation [13] can be made from foam plastics such as polyisocyanurate or polystyrene, or from fibrous materials such as fiberglass, rock and slag wool. Rigid panel continuous insulation is often used to provide a thermal break in the building envelope, thus reducing thermal bridging.
LECA grout can be used for flooring (finishing) and roofing with thermal and sound insulation. LECA is also used in water treatment facilities for the filtration and purification of municipal wastewater and drinking water as well as in other filtering processes, including those for dealing with industrial wastewater and fish farms .
While in 1976 there were roughly 100 cellulose insulation firms with 125 plants in the US, by 1978 there were more than 350 firms with more than 500 plants 1. Cellulose insulation was produced locally by small manufacturers who purchased ready-to-operate machines and offered a cheap and easy low-tech production process.
Minimum roof insulation level by climate – cool temperate; Alpine reducing heat loss is the main priority Example locations Minimum insulation level (total R-value (m 2 ⋅K/W)) Roof/ceiling* [26] Wall [26] Melbourne, Vic 4.1 2.8 Canberra, ACT 4.1 2.8 Hobart, Tas 4.1 2.8 Mt Gambier, SA 4.1 2.8 Ballarat, Vic 4.1 2.8 Thredbo, NSW 6.3 3.8