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  2. Azeotrope tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope_tables

    This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.

  3. List of boiling and freezing information of solvents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_boiling_and...

    Boiling point (°C) K b (°C⋅kg/mol) Freezing point (°C) ... Water: 100.00 0.512 0.00 ... Toluene: 0.82 110.6 [28] Dimethyl Sulfoxide: 189.0

  4. Azeotrope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope

    If the two layers are heated together, the system of layers will boil at 53.3 °C, which is lower than either the boiling point of chloroform (61.2 °C) or the boiling point of water (100 °C). The vapor will consist of 97.0% chloroform and 3.0% water regardless of how much of each liquid layer is present provided both layers are indeed present.

  5. Toluene (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluene_(data_page)

    Triple point: 178.15 K (−94.99 °C), ? Pa Critical point: 591.79 K (318.64 °C), 4.109 MPa Std enthalpy change of fusionΔ fus H o: 6.636 kJ/mol Std entropy change of fusionΔ fus S o: 37.25 J/(mol·K) Std enthalpy change of vaporizationΔ vap H o: 38.06 kJ/mol Std entropy change of vaporizationΔ vap S o: 87.30 J/(mol·K) Solid properties ...

  6. Azeotropic distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotropic_distillation

    An azeotrope is not a range of concentrations that cannot be distilled, but the point at which the activity coefficients of the distillates are crossing one another. If the azeotrope can be "jumped over", distillation can continue, although because the activity coefficients have crossed, the component which is boiling will change.

  7. Toluene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluene

    Toluene is also found in cigarette smoke and car exhaust. If not in contact with air, toluene can remain unchanged in soil or water for a long time. [39] Toluene is a common solvent, e.g. for paints, paint thinners, silicone sealants, [40] many chemical reactants, rubber, printing ink, adhesives (glues), lacquers, leather tanners, and ...

  8. US manufacturing output rebounds less than expected in November

    www.aol.com/news/us-manufacturing-output...

    Manufacturing, which accounts for 10.3% of the economy, continues to tread water in the aftermath of the U.S. central ban ... It is 2.9 percentage points below its 1972–2023 average. The ...

  9. Boiling points of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_points_of_the...

    This is a list of the various reported boiling points for the elements, with recommended values to be used elsewhere on Wikipedia. ... Celsius Fahrenheit; 1 H ...