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(At Vatican I a century earlier there were 737 Council Fathers, mostly from Europe [31]). At Vatican II, some 250 bishops were native-born Asians and Africans, whereas at Vatican I, there were none at all. General Congregations (§3, 20, 33, 38–39, 52–63). The Council Fathers met in daily sittings – known as General Congregations – to ...
The scope of the liturgical changes after the Second Vatican Council was one factor that led certain groups identifying as traditionalist Catholics to claim that the postconciliar popes have been incapable of holding the office of the papacy ("sedevacantism") or incapable of legitimately exercising its functions ("sedeprivationism").
In the aftermath of World War II, religious existence came under fire from communist governments in Eastern Europe and China. [1] Although some priests have since been exposed as collaborators, [2] [3] both the Church's official resistance and the leadership of Pope John Paul II are credited with helping to bring about the downfall of communist governments across Europe in 1991.
Lumen gentium, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, is one of the principal documents of the Second Vatican Council.This dogmatic constitution was promulgated by Pope Paul VI on 21 November 1964, following approval by the assembled bishops by a vote of 2,151 to 5. [1]
The Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, commonly known as Vatican II, saw the Catholic Church reassess its practices and doctrine in face of the modern world. Convened in 1962 by Pope John XXIII and presided over by Pope Paul VI after John XXIII's death, the council lasted until 1965, the resulting documents of which [a] addressed, amongst other issues, the way Mass was celebrated and the ...
VATICAN CITY (Reuters) -The Vatican on Monday reaffirmed its opposition to gender-affirming surgery, "gender theory" and surrogate parenthood, drawing criticism from advocates for LGBTQ Catholics.
Sacrosanctum Concilium, the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, is one of the constitutions of the Second Vatican Council. It was approved by the assembled bishops by a vote of 2,147 to 4 and promulgated by Pope Paul VI on 4 December 1963. [ 1 ]
The Vatican had previously published its most articulated position on gender in 2019, when the Congregation for Catholic Education rejected the idea that people can choose or change their genders ...