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Medetomidine is a veterinary anesthetic drug with potent sedative effects and emerging illicit drug adulterant. [ 1 ] It is a racemic mixture of two stereoisomers , levomedetomidine and dexmedetomidine , the latter being the isomer with the pharmacologic effect as an alpha 2- adrenergic agonist .
Dexmedetomidine, sold under the brand name Precedex among others, is a medication used for sedation. [4] Veterinarians use dexmedetomidine for similar purposes in treating cats, dogs, and horses. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] It is also used in humans to treat acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder . [ 5 ]
[1] [2] It contains medetomidine, an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, as the hydrochloride; and vatinoxan, an alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, as the hydrochloride. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was approved for veterinary use in the United States in May 2022, [ 2 ] and in Canada in May 2023.
Medetomidine is a surgical veterinary anesthetic used for both small and large animals. It is in the same drug class as xylazine, another veterinary tranquilizer, known as the “zombie drug."
Medetomidine shares similar traits with xylazine, also known as “tranq,” another powerful animal tranquilizer that recently made its way into Wisconsin’s illicit drug market.
“This is the way drugs travel.” The rise of medetomidine comes as overdose deaths have fallen slightly. More than 107,000 people died of a drug overdose last year, down from about 111,000 in ...
Alpha-2 blockers (or α 2 blockers) are a subset of the alpha blocker class of drugs and are antagonists to the α 2 adrenergic receptor.They are mainly used in research, having found limited clinical application in human medicine.
Atipamezole, sold under the brand name Antisedan among others, is a synthetic α 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist used for the reversal of the sedative and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine in dogs. Its reversal effect works by competing with the sedative for α 2-adrenergic receptors and displacing them.