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  2. List of GNU Core Utilities commands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GNU_Core_Utilities...

    Checksums (IEEE Ethernet CRC-32) and count the bytes in a file. Supersedes other *sum utilities with -a option from version 9.0. comm: Compares two sorted files line by line csplit: Splits a file into sections determined by context lines cut: Removes sections from each line of files expand: Converts tabs to spaces fmt: Simple optimal text ...

  3. List of POSIX commands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_POSIX_commands

    Line, word and byte or character count Version 1 AT&T UNIX what: SCCS: Optional (XSI) Identify SCCS files PWB UNIX who: System administration Optional (XSI) Display who is on the system Version 1 AT&T UNIX write: Misc Mandatory Write to another user's terminal Version 1 AT&T UNIX xargs: Shell programming Mandatory Construct argument lists and ...

  4. Count-distinct problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count-distinct_problem

    In computer science, the count-distinct problem [1] (also known in applied mathematics as the cardinality estimation problem) is the problem of finding the number of distinct elements in a data stream with repeated elements. This is a well-known problem with numerous applications.

  5. HyperLogLog - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperLogLog

    HyperLogLog is an algorithm for the count-distinct problem, approximating the number of distinct elements in a multiset. [1] Calculating the exact cardinality of the distinct elements of a multiset requires an amount of memory proportional to the cardinality, which is impractical for very large data sets. Probabilistic cardinality estimators ...

  6. Flajolet–Martin algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flajolet–Martin_algorithm

    A common solution is to combine both the mean and the median: Create hash functions and split them into distinct groups (each of size ). Within each group use the mean for aggregating together the l {\displaystyle l} results, and finally take the median of the k {\displaystyle k} group estimates as the final estimate.

  7. wc (Unix) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wc_(Unix)

    wc (short for word count) is a command in Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like operating systems.The program reads either standard input or a list of computer files and generates one or more of the following statistics: newline count, word count, and byte count.

  8. Counting sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting_sort

    Here input is the input array to be sorted, key returns the numeric key of each item in the input array, count is an auxiliary array used first to store the numbers of items with each key, and then (after the second loop) to store the positions where items with each key should be placed, k is the maximum value of the non-negative key values and ...

  9. Magic number (programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_number_(programming)

    IBM PC-compatible BIOSes use magic values 0000 and 1234 to decide if the system should count up memory or not on reboot, thereby performing a cold or a warm boot. Theses values are also used by EMM386 memory managers intercepting boot requests. [13] BIOSes also use magic values 55 AA to determine if a disk is bootable. [14]