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In 1938, the American psychologist Henry Murray developed a system of needs as part of his theory of personality, which he named personology.Murray argued that everyone had a set of universal basic needs, with individual differences among these needs leading to the uniqueness of personality through varying dispositional tendencies for each need; in other words, a specific need is more ...
Maslow proposed his hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review. [1] The theory is a classification system intended to reflect the universal needs of society as its base, then proceeding to more acquired emotions. [18]
The main assumption within the open-question argument can be found within premise 1. It is assumed that analytic equivalency will result in meaningless analysis. [5] Thus, if we understand Concept C, and Concept C* can be analysed in terms of Concept C, then we should grasp concept C* by virtue of our understanding of Concept C.
The narrative theory of equilibrium was proposed by Bulgarian narratologist Tzvetan Todorov in 1971. Todorov delineated this theory in an essay entitled The Two Principles of Narrative . The essay claims that all narratives contain the same five formal elements: equilibrium, disruption, recognition, resolution, and new equilibrium.
Individuals are compelled to initiate motivated reasoning to lessen the amount of cognitive dissonance they feel. Cognitive dissonance is the feeling of psychological and physiological stress and unease between two conflicting cognitive and/or emotional elements (such as the desire to smoke, despite knowing it is unhealthy).
The three-act structure is a model used in narrative fiction that divides a story into three parts , often called the Setup, the Confrontation, and the Resolution. It has been described in different ways by Aelius Donatus in the fourth century A.D. and by Syd Field in his 1979 book Screenplay: The Foundations of Screenwriting .
Narrative-based learning is a learning model grounded in the theory that humans define their experiences within the context of narratives – which serve as cognitive structures and a means of communication, as well as aiding people in framing and understanding their perceptions of the world. [1]
Most premises can be expressed very simply, and many films can be identified simply from a short sentence describing the premise, e.g.: A lonely boy is befriended by an alien = E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) A small town is terrorized by a shark = Jaws (1975) A young boy sees dead people = The Sixth Sense (1999)