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  2. Quark model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_model

    In particle physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks that give rise to the quantum numbers of the hadrons. The quark model underlies "flavor SU(3)" , or the Eightfold Way , the successful classification scheme organizing the large number of lighter hadrons that ...

  3. Crossword abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossword_abbreviations

    Cryptic crosswords often use abbreviations to clue individual letters or short fragments of the overall solution. These include: Any conventional abbreviations found in a standard dictionary, such as: "current": AC (for "alternating current"); less commonly, DC (for "direct current"); or even I (the symbol used in physics and electronics)

  4. Eightfold way (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eightfold_way_(physics)

    In physics, the eightfold way is an organizational scheme for a class of subatomic particles known as hadrons that led to the development of the quark model. Both the American physicist Murray Gell-Mann and the Israeli physicist Yuval Ne'eman independently and simultaneously proposed the idea in 1961.

  5. Off the Grid: Sally breaks down USA TODAY's daily crossword ...

    www.aol.com/off-grid-sally-breaks-down-050018735...

    Explore daily insights on the USA TODAY crossword puzzle by Sally Hoelscher. Uncover expert takes and answers in our crossword blog.

  6. Pseudoscalar meson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson

    In high-energy physics, a pseudoscalar meson is a meson with total spin 0 and odd parity (usually notated as J P = 0 −). [1] [a] Pseudoscalar mesons are commonly seen in proton-proton scattering and proton-antiproton annihilation, and include the pion (π), kaon (K), eta (η), and eta prime (η ′) particles, whose masses are known with ...

  7. Acrostic (puzzle) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrostic_(puzzle)

    An acrostic puzzle published in State Magazine in 1986. An acrostic is a type of word puzzle, related somewhat to crossword puzzles, that uses an acrostic form. It typically consists of two parts. The first part is a set of lettered clues, each of which has numbered blanks representing the letters of the answer.

  8. Octet rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octet_rule

    The bonding in carbon dioxide (CO 2): all atoms are surrounded by 8 electrons, fulfilling the octet rule.. The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects the theory that main-group elements tend to bond in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas.

  9. Crossword - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossword

    Crossword-like puzzles, for example Double Diamond Puzzles, appeared in the magazine St. Nicholas, published since 1873. [31] Another crossword puzzle appeared on September 14, 1890, in the Italian magazine Il Secolo Illustrato della Domenica. It was designed by Giuseppe Airoldi and titled "Per passare il tempo" ("To pass the time"). Airoldi's ...