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Self-defeating moral theories. Derek Antony Parfit FBA (/ ˈpɑːrfɪt /; 11 December 1942 – 2 January 2017 [3][4]) was a British philosopher who specialised in personal identity, rationality, and ethics. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential moral philosophers of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. [5][6][7]
Moral foundations theory is a social psychological theory intended to explain the origins of and variation in human moral reasoning on the basis of innate, modular foundations. [1][2][3][4] It was first proposed by the psychologists Jonathan Haidt, Craig Joseph, and Jesse Graham, building on the work of cultural anthropologist Richard Shweder. [5]
Thomas Nagel (/ ˈneɪɡəl /; born July 4, 1937) is an American philosopher. He is the University Professor of Philosophy and Law Emeritus at New York University, [3] where he taught from 1980 until his retirement in 2016. [4] His main areas of philosophical interest are political philosophy, ethics and philosophy of mind.
Philosophy. The philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of the mind and its relation to the body and the external world. The mind–body problem is a paradigmatic issue in philosophy of mind, although a number of other issues are addressed, such as the hard problem of consciousness and the nature of particular ...
Moral Psychology is the study of human thought and behavior in ethical contexts. [1] Historically, the term "moral psychology" was used relatively narrowly to refer to the study of moral development. [2][3] This field of study is interdisciplinary between the application of philosophy and psychology.
Moral identity. Moral identity is a concept within moral psychology concerning the importance of morality to a person’s identity, typically construed as either a trait-like individual difference, or set of chronically accessible schemas. [1][2]
Hilary Whitehall Putnam (/ ˈpʌtnəm /; July 31, 1926 – March 13, 2016) was an American philosopher, mathematician, computer scientist, and figure in analytic philosophy in the second half of the 20th century. He contributed to the studies of philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, and philosophy of science. [5]
In Descartes' philosophy, the vision of a God given meaningful order involving a spiritual essence or expressive dimension within the world was altogether absent. God, moral value and virtue could not be found within the meaningful order of the world. For Descartes, the world and the human body were mechanisms. The mind was immaterial and rational.