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Flutter-tonguing is a wind instrument tonguing technique in which performers flutter their tongue to make a characteristic "FrrrrrFrrrrr" sound. The effect varies according to the instrument and at what volume it is played, ranging from cooing sounds on a recorder to an effect similar to the growls used by jazz musicians. Bassoon flutter-tonguing.
In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, and sometimes abbreviated 3sr, is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values lie within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean, respectively.
Morisita's overlap index. Morisita's overlap index, named after Masaaki Morisita, is a statistical measure of dispersion of individuals in a population. It is used to compare overlap among samples (Morisita 1959). This formula is based on the assumption that increasing the size of the samples will increase the diversity because it will include ...
Tonguing is a technique used with wind instruments to enunciate notes using the tongue on the palate or the reed or mouthpiece. A silent "tee" [2] is made when the tongue strikes the reed or roof of the mouth causing a slight breach in the air flow through the instrument. If a more soft tone is desired, the syllable "da" (as in dou ble) is ...
B♭ alto — up a perfect fourth. A — up a major third. G — up a major second. E — down a minor second. E♭ — down a major second (used for horn on pitches with multiple sharps until Richard Strauss) D — down a minor third. C — down a perfect fourth. B♭ basso — down a perfect fifth. Some less common transpositions include:
The slide is generally a longer duration ornament than, for example, the cut or the tap and the listener should perceive the pitch changing. Tonguing Tonguing is used as a means of emphasizing certain notes, such as the first note in a tune. Some tin whistle players usually do not tongue most notes, but this varies depending on the player and ...
The sound is created as a result of the release of suction in the mouth and the popping sound that the reed produces which amplifies as it travels through the horn. This effect is similar to when you would suck on a spoon. To create this effect, lay your tongue against a lot of the reed. Gently push upward so that the tip and rail of the reed ...
Hand-stopping. Hand-stopping is a technique by which a natural horn or a natural trumpet can be made to produce notes outside of its normal harmonic series. By inserting the hand, cupped, into the bell, the player can reduce the pitch of a note by a semitone or more. This, combined with the use of crooks changing the key of the instrument ...