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The climate of the Arctic region is characterized by cold winters and cool summers. Its precipitation mostly comes in the form of snow and is low, with most of the area receiving less than 50 cm (20 in). High winds often stir up snow, creating the illusion of continuous snowfall. Average winter temperatures can go as low as −40 °C (−40 °F ...
While the South Pole lies on a continental land mass, the North Pole is located in the middle of the Arctic Ocean amid waters that are almost permanently covered with constantly shifting sea ice. The sea depth at the North Pole has been measured at 4,261 m (13,980 ft) by the Russian Mir submersible in 2007 [ 1 ] and at 4,087 m (13,409 ft) by ...
The Arctic has various definitions, including the region north of the Arctic Circle (currently Epoch 2010 at 66°33'44" N), or just the region north of 60° north latitude, or the region from the North Pole south to the timberline. [1] The Antarctic is usually defined simply as south of 60° south latitude, or the continent of Antarctica.
The Arctic Circle, roughly 67° north of the Equator, defines the boundary of the Arctic waters and lands. The Arctic Circle is one of the two polar circles, and the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth at about 66° 34' N. [1] Its southern equivalent is the Antarctic Circle.
On 14 December 2014 Denmark claimed an area of 895,000 km 2 (346,000 sq mi) extending from Greenland past the North Pole to the limits of the Russian Exclusive Economic Zone. Unlike the Russian claim which is generally limited to the Russia sector of the Arctic, the Danish Claim extends across the North Pole and into Russia's sector.
Fram leaves Bergen on 2 July 1893, bound for the Arctic Ocean Period map showing the regions traversed by the expedition [1]. Nansen's Fram expedition of 1893–1896 was an attempt by the Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen to reach the geographical North Pole by harnessing the natural east–west current of the Arctic Ocean.
2018. Churchill Northern Studies Centre [9] (CNSC) Churchill, Manitoba. Canada. 1976. 88. Czech Arctic Research Station [10] Longyearbyen and Petuniabukta, Svalbard, Norway.
Emanuel Bowen's 1780s map of the Arctic features a "Northern Ocean". Early cartographers were unsure whether to draw the region around the North Pole as land (as in Johannes Ruysch's map of 1507, or Gerardus Mercator's map of 1595) or water (as with Martin Waldseemüller's world map of 1507).