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  2. Underlying representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underlying_representation

    For example, in many varieties of American English, the phoneme /t/ in a word like wet can surface either as an unreleased stop [t̚] or as a flap [ɾ], depending on environment: [wɛt] wet vs. [ˈwɛɾɚ] wetter. (In both cases, however, the underlying representation of the morpheme wet is the same: its phonemic form /wɛt/.)

  3. Close back rounded vowel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel

    The close back rounded vowel, or high back rounded vowel, [1] is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is u , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is u. In most languages, this rounded vowel is pronounced with protruded lips ('endolabial'). However, in a ...

  4. Phonological history of English close back vowels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of...

    Most dialects of modern English have two close back vowels: the near-close near-back rounded vowel /ʊ/ found in words like foot, and the close back rounded vowel /uː/ (realized as central [ʉː] in many dialects) found in words like goose. The STRUT vowel /ʌ/, which historically was back, is often central [ɐ] as well. This article discusses ...

  5. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    For example, the English word through consists of three phonemes: the initial "th" sound, the "r" sound, and a vowel sound. The phonemes in that and many other English words do not always correspond directly to the letters used to spell them (English orthography is not as strongly phonemic as that of many other languages).

  6. Pronunciation respelling for English - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling...

    So readers looking up an unfamiliar word in a dictionary may find, on seeing the pronunciation respelling, that the word is in fact already known to them orally. By the same token, those who hear an unfamiliar spoken word may see several possible matches in a dictionary and must rely on the pronunciation respellings to find the correct match. [4]

  7. English-language vowel changes before historic /r/ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-language_vowel...

    When the vowel immediately follows a labial consonant, /m p b f v w (ʍ)/, as force itself. In past participles in -orn with corresponding past tense forms in -ore, as in torn, or words made from ones with the force vowel. When the /r/ is followed by a vowel within the same morpheme, as in words like glory and flora.

  8. Diphthong - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthong

    Diphthongs contrast with monophthongs, where the tongue or other speech organs do not move and the syllable contains only a single vowel sound. For instance, in English, the word ah is spoken as a monophthong (/ ɑː /), while the word ow is spoken as a diphthong in most varieties (/ aʊ /). Where two adjacent vowel sounds occur in different ...

  9. Phonological history of English close front vowels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of...

    Words that originally had long vowels, such as team and cream (which come from Old English tēam and Old French creme), may have /ɪə/, and those that had an original short vowel, which underwent open syllable lengthening in Middle English (see previous section), like eat and meat (from Old English etan and mete), have a sound resembling /ɛɪ ...