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Hemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells. The ability of bacterial colonies to induce hemolysis when grown on blood agar is used to classify certain microorganisms. This is particularly useful in classifying streptococcal species. A substance that causes hemolysis is called a hemolysin.
A red blood cell in a hypotonic solution, causing water to move into the cell A red blood cell in a hypertonic solution, causing water to move out of the cell. Hemolysis or haemolysis (/ h iː ˈ m ɒ l ɪ s ɪ s /), [1] also known by several other names, is the rupturing of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma).
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Thus, a positive result for blood can represent the presence of red blood cells , free hemoglobin (hemoglobinuria), or myoglobin (myoglobinuria). [51] Red blood cells can sometimes be distinguished from free hemoglobin or myoglobin as the former causes a speckled pattern on the test pad while the latter results in a uniform color change.
At this stage, the hemoglobin is called free hemoglobin. [3] Free hemoglobin (also called naked hemoglobin) is the un-bound hemoglobin that is not enclosed in the red blood cell. The naked hemoglobin is devoid of its anti-oxidant sentries that are normally available within the RBC. [5] Free hemoglobin is thus vulnerable to be oxidized. [5]
Blood tests (to monitor levels of platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells), stool tests (especially to check for microscopic or macroscopic levels of fresh or old blood), urinalysis (to help monitor kidney function, like blood urea nitrogen, or BUN, levels, pH, and for blood in the urine- hematuria) [3]
This destruction of red blood cells is called hemolysis. [6] Red blood cell breakdown may be triggered by infections, certain medication, stress, or foods such as fava beans. [1] [3] Depending on the specific mutation the severity of the condition may vary. [2] Diagnosis is based on symptoms and supported by blood tests and genetic testing. [2]
Laboratory studies commonly used to investigate hemolytic anemia include blood tests for breakdown products of red blood cells, bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase, a test for the free hemoglobin binding protein haptoglobin, and the direct Coombs test (also called direct antiglobulin test or DAT) to evaluate complement factors and/or antibodies ...