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  2. Galactose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactose

    D-Galactose is also known as brain sugar since it is a component of glycoproteins ... Cyclic forms of galactose Chair conformation of D-galactopyranose.

  3. Carbohydrate conformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_conformation

    The chair conformation of six-membered rings have a dihedral angle of 60° between adjacent substituents thus usually making it the most stable conformer. Since there are two possible chair conformation steric and stereoelectronic effects such as the anomeric effect, 1,3-diaxial interactions, dipoles and intramolecular hydrogen bonding must be taken into consideration when looking at relative ...

  4. Leloir pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leloir_pathway

    Intermediates and enzymes in the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism [5] In the first step, galactose mutarotase facilitates the conversion of β-D-galactose to α-D-galactose since this is the active form in the pathway. Next, α-D-galactose is phosphorylated by galactokinase to galactose 1-phosphate.

  5. Haworth projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haworth_projection

    A Haworth projection approximates the shapes of the actual molecules better for furanoses—which are in reality nearly planar—than for pyranoses that exist in solution in the chair conformation. [1] Organic chemistry and especially biochemistry are the areas of chemistry that use the Haworth projection the most.

  6. Glucose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose

    The fact that d-glucose is dextrorotatory is a combined effect of its four chiral centres, not just of C-5; some of the other d-aldohexoses are levorotatory. The conversion between the two anomers can be observed in a polarimeter since pure α-d-glucose has a specific rotation angle of +112.2° mL/(dm·g), pure β-d-glucose of +17.5° mL/(dm·g ...

  7. Pyranose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyranose

    In the chair and skew conformations, the reference plane should be selected. In the chair conformation, the reference plane is chosen such that the lowest-numbered atom (usually C-1) is exoplanar. In the skew conformation, the plane contains three adjacent atoms and one other with the atom with the lowest possible number exoplanar. [6]

  8. 15 Foods Doctors Want You to Stop Eating for a Healthier Diet

    www.aol.com/15-foods-doctors-want-stop-200800104...

    Instead, reach for 100% whole grain or sprouted grain bread with minimal ingredients, Stefani Sassos, M.S., R.D.N., nutrition lab director at the Good Housekeeping Institute previously told ...

  9. Glucuronic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucuronic_acid

    For example, D-mannuronic (C-2), D-alluronic (C-3), D-galacturonic (C-4), and L-iduronic acid (C-5) are epimers of glucuronic acid. The nonplanar pyranose rings can assume either chair (in 2 variants) or boat conformation. The preferred conformation depends on spatial interference or other interactions of the substituents.