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a – hoshi; b – tengen; c – go no go; d – san san; e – komoku; f – takamoku; g – ōtakamoku; h – mokuhazushi; i – ōmokuhazushi As the distance of a stone from the edge of the board has important tactical and strategic implications, it is normal to term the corner points of the board (1, 1) points, and count lines in from the edge.
Originally published by DEC in 1973 as 101 BASIC Computer Games, the book was so popular that it had two more printing runs, the last in March 1975. The programs in these books were mostly written in the BASIC dialect found on Digital's minicomputers , although some could not be converted and appeared in different dialects like Dartmouth BASIC .
Lasker's book Go and Go-moku (1934) helped spread the game throughout the U.S., [97] and in 1935, the American Go Association was formed. Two years later, in 1937, the German Go Association was founded. World War II put a stop to most Go activity, since it was a popular game in Japan, but after the war, Go continued to spread. [98]
The concepts of sente and gote are important in higher level Go strategy. A player whose moves compel the opponent to respond in a local position is said to have sente ( 先手 ) , meaning the player has the initiative; the opponent is said to have gote ( 後手 ) .
Generalized Go is played on n × n boards, and the computational complexity of determining the winner in a given position of generalized Go depends crucially on the ko rules. Go is “almost” in PSPACE , since in normal play, moves are not reversible, and it is only through capture that there is the possibility of the repeating patterns ...
Environmental Go, also called Coupon Go, [10] invented by Elwyn Berlekamp, adds an element of mathematical precision to the game by compelling players to make quantitative decisions. [11] In lieu of playing a stone, a player may take the highest remaining card from a pack of cards valued in steps of 1 ⁄ 2 from 1 ⁄ 2 to 20: the player's ...
In computer science, a literal is a textual representation (notation) of a value as it is written in source code. [1] [2] Almost all programming languages have notations for atomic values such as integers, floating-point numbers, and strings, and usually for Booleans and characters; some also have notations for elements of enumerated types and compound values such as arrays, records, and objects.
A character literal is a type of literal in programming for the representation of a single character's value within the source code of a computer program. Languages that have a dedicated character data type generally include character literals; these include C , C++ , Java , [ 1 ] and Visual Basic . [ 2 ]