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The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [1] and the LaTeX symbol.
The most common superscript digits (1, 2, and 3) were included in ISO-8859-1 and were therefore carried over into those code points in the Latin-1 range of Unicode. The remainder were placed along with basic arithmetical symbols, and later some Latin subscripts, in a dedicated block at U+2070 to U+209F.
For instance, had been declared as a subset of , with the sets and not necessarily related to each other in any way, then would likely mean instead of . If it is needed then unless indicated otherwise, it should be assumed that X {\displaystyle X} denotes the universe set , which means that all sets that are used in the formula are subsets of X ...
If A and B are sets and every element of A is also an element of B, then: . A is a subset of B, denoted by , or equivalently,; B is a superset of A, denoted by .; If A is a subset of B, but A is not equal to B (i.e. there exists at least one element of B which is not an element of A), then:
A symbol for the empty set. Common notations for the empty set include "{ }", "", and "∅".The latter two symbols were introduced by the Bourbaki group (specifically André Weil) in 1939, inspired by the letter Ø (U+00D8 Ø LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE) in the Danish and Norwegian alphabets. [2]
In line with its origin as a superscript circle, the degree symbol (°) is composed by a superscript circle operator (∘). ^{\circ} . Superscripts and subscripts of arbitrary height can be done with the \raisebox{<dimen>}{<text>} command: the first argument is the amount to raise, and the second is the text; a negative first argument will ...
The Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols block contains arrows, dots, enclosures, and overlays for modifying symbol characters. The math subset of this block is U+20D0–U+20DC, U+20E1, U+20E5–U+20E6, and U+20EB–U+20EF.
The corresponding logical symbols are "", "", [6] and , [10] and sometimes "iff".These are usually treated as equivalent. However, some texts of mathematical logic (particularly those on first-order logic, rather than propositional logic) make a distinction between these, in which the first, ↔, is used as a symbol in logic formulas, while ⇔ is used in reasoning about those logic formulas ...