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Concatenative synthesis for music started to develop in the 2000s in particular through the work of Schwarz [2] and Pachet [3] (so-called musaicing). The basic techniques are similar to those for speech, although with differences due to the differing nature of speech and music: for example, the segmentation is not into phonetic units but often into subunits of musical notes or events.
Many authors also use concatenation of a string set and a single string, and vice versa, which are defined similarly by S 1 w = { vw : v ∈ S 1} and vS 2 = { vw : w ∈ S 2}. In these definitions, the string vw is the ordinary concatenation of strings v and w as defined in the introductory section.
String functions common to many languages are listed below, including the different names used. The below list of common functions aims to help programmers find the equivalent function in a language. Note, string concatenation and regular expressions are handled in separate pages.
AWK uses the empty string: two expressions adjacent to each other are concatenated. This is called juxtaposition. Unix shells have a similar syntax. Rexx uses this syntax for concatenation including an intervening space.
String concatenation is an associative, but non-commutative operation. The empty string ε serves as the identity element; for any string s, εs = sε = s. Therefore, the set Σ * and the concatenation operation form a monoid, the free monoid generated by Σ.
LMMS (formerly Linux MultiMedia Studio [6]) is a digital audio workstation application program. It allows music to be produced by arranging samples, synthesizing sounds, entering notes via computer keyboard or mouse (or other pointing device) or by playing on a MIDI keyboard , and combining the features of trackers and sequencers .
Notion supports composition using a computer keyboard/mouse, MIDI keyboard, MIDI guitar, MIDI file, MusicXML file, or handwriting recognition. [5] [6] It automatically handles aspects of music notation such as stem direction and alignment of rhythmic values, [7] and supports the input and output of notation in tablature form, synchronized with the standard music notation.
Version 2 of Studio One was announced on 17 October 2011, [13] [14] and released on 31 October 2011 (alongside the 2.0.2 update). [15] This release of the software introduced multiple enhancements, including integration with Celemony Melodyne, transient detection & quantization, groove extraction, multi-track comping, folder tracks, multi-track MIDI editing, an updated browser, and new plug-ins.