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The sample gas is also cooled to below 5 °C to condense and remove water vapour. All system parameters are recorded digitally during sampling. The resin cartridge and the condensate are removed at the end of a monitoring period, and the contents are analysed to determine levels of dioxins and furans. [1]
The uncertainty and variability in the dose–response relationship of dioxins in terms of their toxicity, as well as the ability of dioxins to bioaccumulate, have led WHO experts to recommending very low tolerable daily intake (TDI) of dioxin, 1-4 pg/kg body weight per day, i.e. 7x10 −11 to 2.8x10 −10 g per 70-kg person per day, to allow ...
The resulting combustion produced a highly toxic mixture of PCBs, dioxins and furans, which was included in the feed produced and subsequently fed to a large number of pigs. [ 88 ] According to data in 2009, [ 89 ] in 2005 the production of dioxin by the steel industry ILVA in Taranto ( Italy ) accounted for 90.3 per cent of the overall Italian ...
Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD) are passive sampling devices used to monitor trace levels of organic compounds with a log Kow > 3. SPMDs are an effective way of monitoring the concentrations of chemicals from anthropogenic runoff and pollution in the marine environment because of their ability to detect minuscule levels of chemical.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (sometimes shortened, though inaccurately, to simply 'dioxin') [3] with the chemical formula C 12 H 4 Cl 4 O 2. Pure TCDD is a colorless solid with no distinguishable odor at room temperature.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) is a polychlorinated dibenzofuran with a chemical formula of C 12 H 4 Cl 4 O. TCDF is part of the chlorinated benzofuran (CDF) family that contains between 1 and 8 chlorine atoms attached to the parent dibenzofuran ring system.
[2] [3] For general population the most important source is food of animal origin like with other dioxin-like compounds. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The most relevant congener is 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,4,7,8-PCDF) which is more toxic and based on relative toxicity more prevalent than other PCDFs.
The first passive sampling devices were developed in the 1970s to determine concentrations of contaminants in the air. In 1980 this technology was first adapted for the monitoring of organic contaminants in water. [4] The initial type of passive sampler developed for aquatic monitoring purposes was the semipermeable membrane device (SPMD). [4]