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  2. Crystal structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure

    Periodic table (crystal structure) – (for elements that are solid at standard temperature and pressure) gives the crystalline structure of the most thermodynamically stable form(s) in those conditions. In all other cases the structure given is for the element at its melting point.

  3. Atomic packing factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_packing_factor

    Each corner atom touches the center atom. A line that is drawn from one corner of the cube through the center and to the other corner passes through 4r, where r is the radius of an atom. By geometry, the length of the diagonal is a √ 3. Therefore, the length of each side of the BCC structure can be related to the radius of the atom by

  4. Pauling's rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauling's_rules

    For typical ionic solids, the cations are smaller than the anions, and each cation is surrounded by coordinated anions which form a polyhedron.The sum of the ionic radii determines the cation-anion distance, while the cation-anion radius ratio + / (or /) determines the coordination number (C.N.) of the cation, as well as the shape of the coordinated polyhedron of anions.

  5. Structural formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_formula

    Skeletal structural formula of Vitamin B 12.Many organic molecules are too complicated to be specified by a molecular formula.. The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are connected to one another. [1]

  6. Chemical structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_structure

    A chemical structure of a molecule is a spatial arrangement of its atoms and their chemical bonds. Its determination includes a chemist 's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid.

  7. Coleman–Liau index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleman–Liau_index

    The Coleman–Liau index is a readability test designed by Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau to gauge the understandability of a text. Like the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning fog index, SMOG index, and Automated Readability Index, its output approximates the U.S. grade level thought necessary to comprehend the text.

  8. Raygor readability estimate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raygor_Readability_Estimate

    The Raygor estimate graph is a readability metric for English text. It was developed by Alton L. Raygor, who published it in 1977. [1] The US grade level is calculated by the average number of sentences and letters per hundred words. These averages are plotted onto a specific graph where the intersection of the average number of sentences and ...

  9. Structural chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_chemistry

    Structural chemistry is a part of chemistry and deals with spatial structures of molecules (in the gaseous, liquid or solid state) and solids (with extended structures that cannot be subdivided into molecules). For structure elucidation [1] a range of different methods is used.