Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Phenytoin may accumulate in the cerebral cortex over long periods of time which can cause atrophy of the cerebellum. The degree of atrophy is related to the duration of phenytoin treatment and is not related to dosage of the medication. [23] Phenytoin is known to be a causal factor in the development of peripheral neuropathy. [24]
Continuing the maintenance dose for about 4 to 5 half-lives (t 1/2) of the drug will approximate the steady state level. [1] One or more doses higher than the maintenance dose can be given together at the beginning of therapy with a loading dose. [2] A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly ...
A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly, i.e. have a long systemic half-life. Such drugs need only a low maintenance dose in order to keep the amount of the drug in the body at the appropriate therapeutic level, but this also means that, without an initial higher dose, it would take a long ...
There may be an increase in the clearance and resultant decrease in the blood concentration of lamotrigine, phenytoin, and to a lesser extent carbamazepine, and possibly decreases the level of levetiracetam and the active oxcarbazepine metabolite, the monohydroxy derivative. [94]
The formula for determining the dose is: [1] If there is a single recommended maintenance dose in the literature, this is preferred. If there are a range of recommended maintenance doses then If the literature recommends generally increasing from initial to maximum dose provided it is tolerated, pick the maximum dose.
Fosphenytoin is approved in the United States for the short-term (five days or fewer) treatment of epilepsy when more widely used means of phenytoin administration are not possible or are ill-advised, [4] such as endotracheal intubation, status epilepticus or some other type of repeated seizures; cluster seizure, vomiting, and/or the patient is unalert or not awake or both.
The median effective dose is the dose that produces a quantal effect (all or nothing) in 50% of the population that takes it (median referring to the 50% population base). [6] It is also sometimes abbreviated as the ED 50, meaning "effective dose for 50% of the population". The ED50 is commonly used as a measure of the reasonable expectancy of ...
However, a subgroup of patients may become hypothyroid as part of an autoimmune thyroiditis up to 2 months after the initiation of symptoms. [1] This kind of adverse drug reaction is caused by the accumulation of toxic metabolites; it is not the result of an IgE-mediated reaction. The risk of first-degree relatives developing the same ...