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The curves form a hysteresis loop. Hysteresis is the dependence of the state of a system on its history. For example, a magnet may have more than one possible magnetic moment in a given magnetic field, depending on how the field changed in the past. Plots of a single component of the moment often form a loop or hysteresis curve, where there are ...
Hysteresis is observed in the stress–strain curve, with the area of the loop being equal to the energy lost during the loading cycle. Since viscosity is the resistance to thermally activated plastic deformation, a viscous material will lose energy through a loading cycle.
Hysteresivity derives from “hysteresis”, meaning “lag”. It is the tendency to react slowly to an outside force, or to not return completely to its original state. Whereas the area within a hysteresis loop represents energy dissipated to heat and is an extensive quantity with units of energy, the hysteresivity represents the fraction of the elastic energy that is lost to heat, and is an ...
Stress relaxation. In materials science, stress relaxation is the observed decrease in stress in response to strain generated in the structure. This is primarily due to keeping the structure in a strained condition for some finite interval of time hence causing some amount of plastic strain. This should not be confused with creep, which is a ...
Fracture in polymers. Polymer fracture is the study of the fracture surface of an already failed material to determine the method of crack formation and extension in polymers both fiber reinforced and otherwise. [1] Failure in polymer components can occur at relatively low stress levels, far below the tensile strength because of four major ...
Rheology (/ riːˈɒlədʒi /; from Greek ῥέω (rhéō) 'flow' and -λoγία (-logia) 'study of') is the study of the flow of matter, primarily in a fluid (liquid or gas) state but also as "soft solids " or solids under conditions in which they respond with plastic flow rather than deforming elastically in response to an applied force. [1 ...
Capillary condensation. Appearance. Figure 1: An example of a porous structure exhibiting capillary condensation. In materials science and biology, capillary condensation is the "process by which multilayer adsorption from the vapor [phase] into a porous medium proceeds to the point at which pore spaces become filled with condensed liquid from ...
Hemorheology. Hemorheology, also spelled haemorheology (haemo from Greek ‘αἷμα, haima ' blood '; and rheology, from Greek ῥέω rhéō, ' flow ' and -λoγία, -logia 'study of'), or blood rheology, is the study of flow properties of blood and its elements of plasma and cells. Proper tissue perfusion can occur only when blood's ...