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Erb's palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk C5–C6 nerves. These form part of the brachial plexus, comprising the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5–C8 and thoracic nerve T1. [1][2][3] These injuries arise most commonly, but not exclusively ...
The cardinal signs of brachial plexus injury then, are weakness in the arm, diminished reflexes, and corresponding sensory deficits. [11] [citation needed] Erb's palsy. "The position of the limb, under such conditions, is characteristic: the arm hangs by the side and is rotated medially; the forearm is extended and pronated.
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood. [ 1 ] Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time, [ 1 ][ 3 ] but include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. [ 1 ] There may be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, and speech. [ 1 ]
Klumpke's paralysis is a variety of partial palsy of the lower roots of the brachial plexus. [1][2] The brachial plexus is a network of spinal nerves that originates in the back of the neck, extends through the axilla (armpit), and gives rise to nerves to the upper limb. [3][4][5][6] The paralytic condition is named after Augusta Déjerine ...
Parsonage–Turner syndrome, also known as acute brachial neuropathy, neuralgic amyotrophy and abbreviated PTS, is a syndrome of unknown cause; although many specific risk factors have been identified (such as; post-operative, post-infectious, post-traumatic or post-vaccination). [4] It is also known as brachial plexitis, and results in ...
Frequency. ~ 1% of vaginal births [2] Shoulder dystocia is when, after vaginal delivery of the head, the baby's anterior shoulder gets caught above the mother's pubic bone. [3][1] Signs include retraction of the baby's head back into the vagina, known as "turtle sign". [1] Complications for the baby may include brachial plexus injury, or ...
Injury to Erb's point is commonly sustained at birth or from a fall onto the shoulder.The nerve roots normally involved are C5 and partly C6. Symptoms include paralysis of the biceps, brachialis, and coracobrachialis (through the musculocutaneous nerve); the brachioradialis (through the radial nerve); and the deltoid (through the axillary nerve).
Pediatrics. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a form of white-matter brain injury, characterized by the necrosis (more often coagulation) of white matter near the lateral ventricles. [1][2] It can affect newborns and (less commonly) fetuses; premature infants are at the greatest risk of neonatal encephalopathy which may lead to this condition.