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Caldwell's view (or Occipitofrontal view) is a radiographic view of the skull where the X-ray plate is perpendicular to the orbitomeatal line. The rays pass from behind the head and are angled at 15-20° to the radiographic plate. It is commonly used to get better view of the ethmoid and frontal sinuses. [1]
Waters' view (also known as the occipitomental view or parietoacanthial projection) is a radiographic view of the skull. It is commonly used to get a better view of the maxillary sinuses. An x-ray beam is angled at 45° to the orbitomeatal line. The rays pass from behind the head and are perpendicular to the radiographic plate.
Orbitomeatal line is a positioning line used in radiography of the skull. [1] It passes through the outer canthus of the eye and the center of the external auditory meatus.It is used for positioning the patient for different radiographic views including Water's view, Perorbital view, Lateral view, and others.
The x-ray can be taken with the patient in either an erect or supine position, although most usually erect. The x-ray is taken PA (postero-antero), meaning that the patient faces towards the receiver and away from the x-rays source.
To image the posterior circulation, such as vertebral and basilar arteries, AP, Towne's view, lateral projections near the back of the head and upper part of the neck is taken. In this case, petrous bone should be projected at the bottom or below the orbits to visualise the basilar artery and its branches in AP/Towne's view. The rate of ...
Schuller's view is a lateral radiographic view of skull principally used for viewing mastoid cells. [1] The central beam of X-rays passes from one side of the head and is at an angle of 25° caudad to the radiographic plate. This angulation prevents overlap of images of the two mastoid bones. The radiograph for each mastoid is taken separately.
Charles Hard Townes (July 28, 1915 – January 27, 2015) was an American physicist. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Townes worked on the theory and application of the maser , for which he obtained the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics associated with both maser and laser devices.
The inion is the most prominent projection of the protuberance which is located at the posterioinferior (rear lower) part of the human skull. The nuchal ligament and trapezius muscle attach to it. The inion (ἰνίον, iníon, Greek for the occipital bone) is used as a landmark in the 10-20 system in electroencephalography (EEG) recording.