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The dabakan is a single-headed [4] Philippine drum, primarily used as a supportive instrument in the kulintang ensemble. Among the five main kulintang instruments, it is the only non-gong element of the Maguindanao ensemble.
"Towards an Inventory of Philippine Musical Instruments: A Checklist of the Heritage from Twenty-three Ethnolinguistic Groups" (PDF). Asian Studies. Quezon City, Philippines: University of the Philippines Diliman. OCLC 6593501. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2023; Dioquino, Corazon (October 22, 2009).
Collection of percussion instruments. ... Philippines Unpitched 111.241.2 Idiophone ... Dabakan: Philippines Unpitched
Traditionally among the Maguindanao, the main function of the gandingan was its use as a secondary melodic instrument after the kulintang in the kulintang ensemble. In olden style of play, strictly done by women, the patterns used function to feature/highlight/reinforce the rhythmic modes already established by the singular babendil and dabakan.
The babendil. The babendil traditionally could be played by either genders. [5] In wooden kulintang ensembles, the kagul is usually substituted for the babendil part. [2] Among the Tausug, the Samal and the Yakan, their babendil-type instrument generally has gone into disuse (Instead, tempo is kept in check using the highest gong on the kulintangan .
The Maguindanao kulintang ensemble, called basalen or palabunibuniyan is the traditional gong chime ensemble of the Maguindanao.Other forms of the kulintang ensembles are played in parts of Southeast Asia especially in the eastern parts of Maritime Southeast Asia — southern Philippines, eastern Indonesia, eastern Malaysia, Brunei and Timor. [1]
This is considered a relatively recent instrument and surprisingly many of them are only made of tin-can. Like the kulintang a kayo, it is used only for self-entertainment purpose in the home, to train beginners on new songs before using the kulintang and in America, master artists have been training students en masse on these instruments. [1]
Ensembles didn't necessary have to have five instruments like formal performances: they could be composed of only four instruments (three gandingan gongs, a kulintang, an agung, and a dabakan), three instruments (a kulintang, a dabakan, and either an agung or three gandingan gongs) or simply just one instrument (kulintang solo). [12]