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Lewis antibodies are almost always clinically insignificant because: transfused red cells shed their Lewis antigens and acquire the Lewis phenotype of the recipient; Lewis antibodies are quickly adsorbed by free serum Lewis antigens, [2] [7] Therefore, it is not necessary to transfuse antigen-negative blood components for most patients.
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), also known as sialyl-Lewis A, is a tetrasaccharide which is usually attached to O-glycans on the surface of cells. It is known to play a role in cell-to-cell recognition processes. It is also a tumor marker used primarily in the management of pancreatic cancer. [1]
The term "Lewis" in the name comes from a family of people with a red blood cell incompatibility. The studies done on these individuals' red blood cells led to the discovery of sialyl-Lewis X. Sialyl-Lewis X is an important red blood cell antigen present on the glycolipids on the plasma membrane of the cell.
Blood compatibility testing is routinely performed before a blood transfusion.The full compatibility testing process involves ABO and RhD (Rh factor) typing; screening for antibodies against other blood group systems; and crossmatching, which involves testing the recipient's blood plasma against the donor's red blood cells as a final check for incompatibility.
Immunochemistry is also used to describe the application of immune system components, in particular antibodies, to chemically labelled antigen molecules for visualization. Various methods in immunochemistry have been developed and refined, and used in scientific study, from virology to molecular evolution .
Colton antigen system; Complement component 4; Complement receptor 1; D. ... Lan blood group system; Lewis antigen system; LU domain; Lutheran antigen system; M.
In immunology the particular macromolecule bound by an antibody is referred to as an antigen and the area on an antigen to which the antibody binds is called an epitope. In some cases, an immunoassay may use an antigen to detect for the presence of antibodies, which recognize that antigen, in a solution.
The term human blood group systems is defined by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) as systems in the human species where cell-surface antigens—in particular, those on blood cells—are "controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them", [1] and include the common ABO and Rh ...