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The rule of nines was devised by Pulaski and Tennison in 1947, and published by Alexander Burns Wallace in 1951. [2] To estimate the body surface area of a burn, the rule of nines assigns BSA values to each major body part: [3] This allows the emergency medical provider to obtain a quick estimate of how much body surface area is burned.
Total body surface area (TBSA) is an assessment of injury to or disease of the skin, such as burns or psoriasis. In adults, the Wallace rule of nines can be used to determine the total percentage of area burned for each major section of the body. [1]
In 1951 Wallace introduced the "Rule of Nines" in an article published in the British medical journal The Lancet: [5]For patients over the age of 16 years the 'Rule of Nines' indicates the percentage of skin surface area accounted for by various parts of the body.
Rule of nines or rule of nine may refer to: Rule of nine (linguistics), an orthographic rule of the Ukrainian language. Rule of nines (mathematics), a test for divisibility by 9 involving summing the decimal digits of a number; Wallace rule of nines, used to determine the percentage of total body surface area affected when assessing burn injuries
The original Baux score was the addition of two factors, the first being the total body surface area affected by burning (usually estimated using the Wallace rule of nines, or calculated using a Lund and Browder chart) and the second being the age of the patient. The score is expressed as:
The autopsy also showed she had broken bones in multiple stages of healing and burns across 25% of her body, which ultimately led to the infection that killed her. However, authorities were unable ...
Now whenever his wife cooks, Leary knows his role. "I can do the dishes so I did them last night after dinner," he adds. "If you don't cook, you clean.
The burn percentage in adults can be estimated by applying the Wallace rule of nines (see total body surface area): 9% for each arm, 18% for each leg, 18% for the front of the torso, 18% for the back of the torso, and 9% for the head and 1% for the perineum. [7]