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Clarification of terminology: The DMM avoids older attachment terms such as secure vs insecure, attachment categories and measures, attachment disorders, disorganized attachment, internal working models, and top level terms such as avoidant and ambivalent. It uses terms such as pathways of development instead of developmental trajectories.
Anxious-resistant insecure attachment is also called ambivalent attachment. [11] In general, a child with an anxious-resistant attachment style will typically explore little (in the Strange Situation) and is often wary of strangers, even when the caregiver is present. When the caregiver departs, the child is often highly distressed.
"Attachment disorder" is an ambiguous term, which may refer to reactive attachment disorder or to the more problematic insecure attachment styles (although none of these are clinical disorders). It may also be used to refer to proposed new classification systems put forward by theorists in the field, [ 247 ] and is used within attachment ...
In particular, two studies diverged from the global distributions of attachment classifications noted above. One study was conducted in North Germany [96] in which more avoidant (A) infants were found than global norms would suggest, and the other in Sapporo, Japan [97] where more resistant (C) infants were found. Of these two studies, the ...
A child with the anxious-avoidant insecure attachment pattern will avoid or ignore the caregiver, showing little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns. The child will not explore very much regardless of who is there. Infants classified as anxious-avoidant (A) represented a puzzle in the early 1980s.
In the clinical sense, a disorder is a condition requiring treatment as opposed to risk factors for subsequent disorders. [6] There is a lack of consensus about the precise meaning of the term "attachment disorder", but there is general agreement that such disorders arise only after early adverse caregiving experiences.
A dismissive-avoidant attachment style is demonstrated by those possessing a positive view of self and a negative view of others. [22] Adults with a dismissive style of avoidant attachment tend to agree with these statements: [23] I am comfortable without close emotional relationships. It is important to me to feel independent and self-sufficient.
Mary Main (1943 – January 6, 2023) was an American psychologist notable for her work in the field of attachment. A Professor at the University of California Berkeley, Main is particularly known for her introduction of the 'disorganized' infant attachment classification and for development of the Adult Attachment Interview and coding system for assessing states of mind regarding attachment.