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Paraquat (trivial name; / ˈ p ær ə k w ɒ t /), or N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride (systematic name), also known as methyl viologen, is a toxic organic compound with the chemical formula [(C 6 H 7 N) 2]Cl 2.
2,2′-Bipyridine (2,2′-bipy) is a chelating ligand that forms complexes with most transition metal ions that are of broad academic interest. Many of these complexes have distinctive optical properties, and some are of interest for analysis.
4,4′-Bipyridine (abbreviated to 4,4′-bipy or 4,4′-bpy) is an organic compound with the formula (C 5 H 4 N) 2. It is one of several isomers of bipyridine. It is a colorless solid that is soluble in organic solvents. is mainly used as a precursor to N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium [(C 5 H 4 NCH 3) 2] 2+, known as paraquat.
Radical dimerization of pyridine with elemental sodium or Raney nickel selectively yields 4,4'-bipyridine, [98] or 2,2'-bipyridine, [99] which are important precursor reagents in the chemical industry. One of the name reactions involving free radicals is the Minisci reaction.
The dicyanobipy can be made by reacting 2,2'-bipy with hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid, (followed by the addition of acetone) to form 2,2'-bipyridine-N,N-dioxide. [1] The 2,2'-bipyridine- N,N -dioxide is then converted into the dicyano compound [ 2 ] by treatment with potassium cyanide and benzoyl chloride in a mixture of water and THF .
Orellanine is a bipyridine with positively charged nitrogen atoms, and chemically resembles the bipyridine herbicides paraquat and diquat. [3] Like orellanine, paraquat and diquat are toxic not only to plants, but also to humans and livestock.
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