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Under Australian law, a proprietary limited company (abbreviated as 'Pty Ltd') is a business structure that has at least one shareholder and up to 50, where the liability of shareholders is limited to the value of shares. Its counterparts include the public limited company (Ltd) and the Unlimited Proprietary company (Pty) with a share capital.
Since 1 May 2011, it has been impossible to incorporate a new close corporation in South Africa. There are, however, still hundreds of thousands of close corporations in existence. They are regulated chiefly by the Close Corporations Act. [13] A close corporation is a juristic person distinct from its members.
SAS (Société par actions simplifiée): ≈ limited liability company (US, especially in Delaware), unlisted public company (Au), close corporation (CC) (S. Africa), private corporation (Can); often used for subsidiaries; minimum of one director and two members/shareholders; no limit on share capital; liability can be restricted to director ...
The Companies and Intellectual Property Commission (CIPC) is an agency of the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition in South Africa. [1] The CIPC was established by the Companies Act, 2008 (Act No. 71 of 2008) [2] as a juristic person to function as an organ of state within the public administration, but as an institution outside the public service.
The tax treatment of the conversion to a corporation of a foreign eligible entity treated as a disregarded entity would be consistent with current Treasury regulations and relevant tax principles. The proposal was eventually dropped again due to criticism from businesses, and it was not included again in the 2011 budget proposal either.
A key purpose of corporatization is externalization. [1] The effect of corporatization has been to convert state departments (or municipal services) into public companies and interpose commercial boards of directors between the shareholding ministers / city council and the management of the enterprises. [5]
The object of section 49 of the Close Corporations Act is to come to the relief of the victim of oppressive conduct. The section gives the court the power to make orders "with a view to settling the dispute" between the members of a close corporation if it is just and equitable to do so. To this end the court is given a wide discretion.
One possible solution may be to form a new corporation and merge into it, dissolving the LLC and converting into a corporation. Many jurisdictions—including Alabama, California, Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Texas—levy a franchise tax or capital values tax on LLCs. In essence, this franchise or business ...