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An infinite ordinal is a regular ordinal if it is a limit ordinal that is not the limit of a set of smaller ordinals that as a set has order type less than . A regular ordinal is always an initial ordinal , though some initial ordinals are not regular, e.g., ω ω {\displaystyle \omega _{\omega }} (see the example below).
These sets are then taken to "be" cardinal numbers, by definition. In Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice, one way of assigning representatives to cardinal numbers is to associate each cardinal number with the least ordinal number of the same cardinality. These special ordinals are the ℵ numbers. But if the axiom of choice ...
Cantor's work with derived sets and ordinal numbers led to the Cantor-Bendixson theorem. [14] Using successors, limits, and cardinality, Cantor generated an unbounded sequence of ordinal numbers and number classes. [15] The (α + 1)-th number class is the set of ordinals whose predecessors form a set of the same cardinality as the α-th
Any finite natural number can be used in at least two ways: as an ordinal and as a cardinal. Cardinal numbers specify the size of sets (e.g., a bag of five marbles), whereas ordinal numbers specify the order of a member within an ordered set [9] (e.g., "the third man from the left" or "the twenty-seventh day of January").
A bijective function, f: X → Y, from set X to set Y demonstrates that the sets have the same cardinality, in this case equal to the cardinal number 4. Aleph-null, the smallest infinite cardinal. In mathematics, a cardinal number, or cardinal for short, is what is commonly called the number of elements of a set.
Every finite ordinal (natural number) is initial, but most infinite ordinals are not initial. The axiom of choice is equivalent to the statement that every set can be well-ordered, i.e. that every cardinal has an initial ordinal. In this case, it is traditional to identify the cardinal number with its initial ordinal, and we say that the ...
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