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Rock climbing can trace its origins to the late 19th-century, and has since developed into several main sub-disciplines.Single-pitch and multi-pitch (and big wall) climbing, can be performed in varying styles (including aid, sport, traditional, free solo, and top-roping), while the standalone discipline of bouldering (or boulder climbing) is by definition performed in a free solo format.
Climbing routes are usually chronicled in a climbing guidebook, a climbing journal (e.g. the American Alpine Journal or the Himalayan Journal), and/or in an online route database (e.g. theCrag.com or MountainProject.com), [1] where the key details of the route are listed, which generally include the following: [2] Climbing area (or crag).
A A-grade Also aid climbing grade. The technical difficulty grading system for aid climbing (both for "original" and an adapted version for "new wave"), which goes: A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and up to A6 (for "new wave"). See C-grade. Abalakov thread Abalakov thread Also V-thread. A type of anchor used in abseiling especially in winter and in ice climbing. ABD Also assisted braking device. A term ...
Rope devices. Devices are available for controlling the movement of a dynamic climbing rope (e.g. such as belay devices and self-locking devices), [76] for moving up a fixed static rope (e.g. such as ascenders), [77] or for moving down a fixed static rope (e.g. such as descenders or abseil devices). [77] Protection devices.
Enchainment is climbing more than one significant summit in one outing, usually on the same day. Climbing via ferratas involves traversing ladder-like paths on highly exposed terrain. Ice climbing which involves proceeding on steep sections of blank ice with crampons and ice axes. This activity often requires progressing on steep and blank ...
Topo image of the cliff Toix Est in Costa Blanca in Spain, by climber Chris Craggs from a Rockfax guidebook. Before discussing individual routes, a climbing guidebook will outline the history and current status of climbing ethics applicable for the location including for example whether the use of bolts for sport climbing is allowed, and other local customs (e.g. use if non-clean aid climbing ...
In rock-climbing, a first free ascent (FFA) is the first redpoint, onsight or flash of a single-pitch, multi-pitch (or big wall), or boulder climbing route that did not involve using aid equipment to help progression or resting; the ascent must therefore be performed in either a sport, a traditional, or a free solo manner.
Belay stations. In multi-pitch climbing, the availability of secure—and comfortable—belay stations is an important factor for climbers; thus where a particularly good belay station presents itself, a pitch might be shortened to avail of it. [1] Equipment weight. Longer climbing ropes mean greater weight (and more rope drag) on the lead climber.