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The hydrogen atoms in the ammonium ion can be substituted with an alkyl group or some other organic group to form a substituted ammonium ion (IUPAC nomenclature: aminium ion). Depending on the number of organic groups, the ammonium cation is called a primary , secondary , tertiary , or quaternary .
The cation is always named first. Ions can be metals, non-metals or polyatomic ions. Therefore, the name of the metal or positive polyatomic ion is followed by the name of the non-metal or negative polyatomic ion. The positive ion retains its element name whereas for a single non-metal anion the ending is changed to -ide.
Ammonium hexafluorozirconate [48] Ammonium hydroxide – [NH 4]OH [49] Ammonium nitrate – [NH 4]NO 3 [50] Ammonium orthomolybdate – [NH 4] 2 MoO 4; Ammonium sulfamate – [NH 4]SO 3 NH 2 [51] Ammonium sulfide – [NH 4] 2 S; Ammonium sulfite – [NH 4] 2 SO 3 [52] Ammonium sulfate – [NH 4] 2 SO 4 [53] Ammonium perchlorate – [NH 4]ClO 4 ...
Calx – calcium oxide; was also used to refer to other metal oxides. Chalcanthum – the residue produced by strongly roasting blue vitriol (copper sulfate); it is composed mostly of cupric oxide. Chalk – a rock composed of porous biogenic calcium carbonate. CaCO 3; Chrome green – chromic oxide and cobalt oxide.
The word ferrous is derived from the Latin word ferrum, meaning "iron". In ionic compounds (salts), such an atom may occur as a separate cation (positive ion) abbreviated as Fe 2+ , although more precise descriptions include other ligands such as water and halides.
The chemical elements can be broadly divided into metals, metalloids, and nonmetals according to their shared physical and chemical properties.All elemental metals have a shiny appearance (at least when freshly polished); are good conductors of heat and electricity; form alloys with other metallic elements; and have at least one basic oxide.
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This reaction occurs quantitatively with salts of the alkali-metals at low to moderate concentrations. [citation needed] With salts of divalent metal ions, the aqua-ion will be subject to a dissociation reaction, known as hydrolysis, a name derived from Greek words for water splitting. The first step in this process can be written as [citation ...