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The process of protein synthesis is called translation because the “language” of the nucleotide sequence on the mRNA is translated into the language of an amino acid sequence. Translation
Protein Synthesis •Occurs in TWO steps: 1.Transcription – the genetic information from a strand of DNA is copied into a strand of mRNA 2.Translation – the mRNA, with the help of the ribosome, forms a chain of amino acids (eventually forming a protein) based on the information contained on the mRNA.
Transcription and RNA processing are followed by translation, the synthesis of proteins as directed by mRNA templates. Proteins are the active players in most cell processes, implementing the myriad tasks that are directed by the information encoded in genomic DNA.
The process of protein synthesis occurs in two steps: transcription and translation. In the first step, DNA is used as a template to make a messenger RNA molecule (mRNA). The mRNA thus formed, exits the nucleus through a nuclear pore and travels to the ribosome for the next step, translation.
Understanding protein synthesis is paramount in studying various medical fields, from the molecular basis of genetic diseases through antibiotic development to expressing recombinant proteins as drugs or clinical laboratory reagents.
Protein Synthesis: What Is It? • All proteins are synthesized according to instructions contained in the DNA nucleotide sequence, which is unique to every individual • Protein synthesis is a two step process that consists of transcription and translation.
8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Protein Synthesis Occurs by Initiation, Elongation, and Termination. The ribosome has three tRNA-binding sites. An aminoacyl-tRNA enters the A site. Peptidyl-tRNA is bound in the P site. Deacylated tRNA exits via the E site.
Relate protein synthesis and its two major phases to the central dogma of molecular biology. Identify the steps of transcription, and summarize what happens during each step. Explain how mRNA is processed before it leaves the nucleus.
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Protein biosynthesis is a fundamental process in molecular biology that plays a vital role in the growth, development, and maintenance of living organisms.