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Wood drying. Wood drying (also seasoning lumber or wood seasoning) reduces the moisture content of wood before its use. When the drying is done in a kiln, the product is known as kiln-dried timber or lumber, whereas air drying is the more traditional method. There are two main reasons for drying wood:
Torrefaction is a thermochemical treatment of biomass at 200 to 320 °C (392 to 608 °F). It is carried out under atmospheric pressure and in the absence of oxygen.During the torrefaction process, the water contained in the biomass as well as superfluous volatiles are released, and the biopolymers (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) partly decompose, giving off various types of volatiles. [4]
To reduce the drying time to a number of days from the normal one to three years, an external heating source such as a kiln or oven can be used. The process of kiln or oven drying firewood was invented by Anthony Cutara, for which a successful US patent was filed in 1983. [22]
The Thermo wood process consists of drying, heat treatment and finally cooling/conditioning, and takes up to 72 hours. [4] The Plato process consists of hydrothermolysis, dry curing and conditioning, and can take up to 7 days. The required time depends on wood species, width and initial moisture content. [5]
where m is the mass of the wood (with moisture) and is the oven-dry mass of wood (i.e. no moisture). [3] If the wood is placed in an environment at a particular temperature and relative humidity, its moisture content will generally begin to change in time, until it is finally in equilibrium with its surroundings, and the moisture content no ...
Drying hops for brewing (known as a hop kiln or oast house) Drying corn (grain) before grinding or storage, sometimes called a corn kiln, corn drying kiln [8] Drying green lumber so it can be used immediately; Drying wood for use as firewood; Heating wood to the point of pyrolysis to produce charcoal; Extracting pine tar from pine tree logs or ...
Kiln-drying usually results in an average moisture content of 18-20% ("average" means the average moisture content of the outside and the center of the log). In North America, logs reach equilibrium moisture content at about 6% and 12%; [8] since most kiln-dried logs are dried down to about 18% to 20% moisture content, kiln-dried logs can be ...
Solar-powered or fuel-fired kilns can accelerate the drying process. [8] The most common process of removing the excess moisture is called seasoning. Seasoning by air-drying the wood can take three years or more. Wood is dried in outdoor well-ventilated covered structures, or in a kiln. All wood will release creosote vapors when burned.
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