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Intellectual. Socrates (c. 470 – 399 BC) Erasmus of Rotterdam was one of the foremost intellectuals of his time. An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the reality of society, and who proposes solutions for its normative problems. [1][2] Coming from the world of culture, either as a ...
Intellectualism is the mental perspective that emphasizes the use, development, and exercise of the intellect, and is identified with the life of the mind of the intellectual. [1] In the field of philosophy, the term intellectualism indicates one of two ways of critically thinking about the character of the world: (i) rationalism, which is ...
Aristotelian ethics. Aristotle first used the term ethics to name a field of study developed by his predecessors Socrates and Plato which is devoted to the attempt to provide a rational response to the question of how humans should best live. Aristotle regarded ethics and politics as two related but separate fields of study, since ethics ...
Values (Western philosophy) Everyone has their own sense of value about the things that affect them. The values that a person holds may be personal or political depending on whether they are considered in relation to the individual or to society. [1] Apart from moral virtue, examples of personal values include friendship, knowledge, beauty etc ...
Called the Siècle des Lumières, the philosophical movement of the Enlightenment had already started by the early 18th century, when Pierre Bayle launched the popular and scholarly Enlightenment critique of religion. As a skeptic Bayle only partially accepted the philosophy and principles of rationality.
Intellectual history (also the history of ideas) is the study of the history of human thought and of intellectuals, people who conceptualize, discuss, write about, and concern themselves with ideas. The investigative premise of intellectual history is that ideas do not develop in isolation from the thinkers who conceptualize and apply those ...
Intellectual courage is a trait of a "disciplined mind" that also exhibits intellectual integrity, intellectual humility, intellectual sense of justice, intellectual perseverance, intellectual fair-mindedness, intellectual confidence in reason, intellectual empathy, and intellectual autonomy. [3] A person with this collection of traits will ...
e. Moral intellectualism or ethical intellectualism is a view in meta-ethics according to which genuine moral knowledge must take the form of arriving at discursive moral judgements about what one should do. [1] One way of understanding this is that doing what is right is a reflection of what any being knows is right. [2]