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Global Descriptor Table. The Global Descriptor Table (GDT) is a data structure used by Intel x86 -family processors starting with the 80286 in order to define the characteristics of the various memory areas used during program execution, including the base address, the size, and access privileges like executability and writability.
Interrupt descriptor table. The interrupt descriptor table (IDT) is a data structure used by the x86 architecture to implement an interrupt vector table. The IDT is used by the processor to determine the memory addresses of the handlers to be executed on interrupts and exceptions. The details in the description below apply specifically to the ...
x86 memory segmentation. The Intel x86 computer instruction set architecture has supported memory segmentation since the original Intel 8086 in 1978. It allows programs to address more than 64 KB (65,536 bytes) of memory, the limit in earlier 80xx processors. In 1982, the Intel 80286 added support for virtual memory and memory protection; the ...
Task state segment. The task state segment (TSS) is a structure on x86 -based computers which holds information about a task. It is used by the operating system kernel for task management. Specifically, the following information is stored in the TSS: Processor register state. I/O port permissions.
A translation lookaside buffer (TLB) is a memory cache that stores the recent translations of virtual memory to physical memory. It is used to reduce the time taken to access a user memory location. [1] It can be called an address-translation cache. It is a part of the chip's memory-management unit (MMU).
Protected mode was first added to the x86 architecture in 1982, [6] with the release of Intel 's 80286 (286) processor, and later extended with the release of the 80386 (386) in 1985. [7] Due to the enhancements added by protected mode, it has become widely adopted and has become the foundation for all subsequent enhancements to the x86 (IA-32 ...
Intel 80286. Max. CPU clock rate. The Intel 80286[4] (also marketed as the iAPX 286[5] and often called Intel 286) is a 16-bit microprocessor that was introduced on February 1, 1982. It was the first 8086-based CPU with separate, non- multiplexed address and data buses and also the first with memory management and wide protection abilities.
The processor will perform a number of checks to make sure the entry is valid and the code was operating at sufficient privilege to use the gate. Assuming all checks pass, a new CS/ EIP is loaded from the segment descriptor , and continuation information is pushed onto the stack of the new privilege level (old SS, old ESP, old CS, old EIP, in ...