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Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH 3 (aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH + 4][OH −
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Thus, the treatment of concentrated solutions of ammonium salts with a strong base gives ammonia. When ammonia is dissolved in water, a tiny amount of it converts to ammonium ions: H 2 O + NH 3 ⇌ OH − + [NH 4] + The degree to which ammonia forms the ammonium ion depends on the pH of the solution. If the pH is low, the equilibrium shifts to ...
Std Gibbs free energy change ... log 10 of anydrous ammonia vapor pressure. Uses formula shown below. Vapor-pressure formula for ammonia: [4] log 10 P = A – B / (T ...
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However, the large-scale implementation of ammonia synthesis via the Haber process became a serious competitor to the very energy-intensive Frank–Caro process. As urea (formed via the Haber–Bosch process) was significantly more nitrogen-rich (46% nitrogen compared to ca. 20%), cheaper, and faster acting, the role of calcium cyanamide was ...
The industrial production of ammonium nitrate entails the acid-base reaction of ammonia with nitric acid: [12] HNO 3 + NH 3 → NH 4 NO 3. The ammonia required for this process is obtained by the Haber process from nitrogen and hydrogen. Ammonia produced by the Haber process can be oxidized to nitric acid by the Ostwald process.
The amination of ammonia with chloramine to form hydrazine is an example of this mechanism seen in the Olin Raschig process: NH 2 Cl + NH 3 + NaOH → N 2 H 4 + NaCl + H 2 O Chloramine electrophilically aminates itself in neutral and alkaline media to start its decomposition: