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A string is defined as a contiguous sequence of code units terminated by the first zero code unit (often called the NUL code unit). [1] This means a string cannot contain the zero code unit, as the first one seen marks the end of the string. The length of a string is the number of code units before the zero code unit. [1]
The std::string type is the main string datatype in standard C++ since 1998, but it was not always part of C++. From C, C++ inherited the convention of using null-terminated strings that are handled by a pointer to their first element, and a library of functions that manipulate such strings.
String functions are used in computer programming languages to manipulate a string or query information about a string (some do both).. Most programming languages that have a string datatype will have some string functions although there may be other low-level ways within each language to handle strings directly.
In C/C++, it is possible to declare the parameter of a function or method as constant. This is a guarantee that this parameter cannot be inadvertently modified after its initialization by the caller. If the parameter is a pre-defined (built-in) type, it is called by value and cannot be modified.
A string literal or anonymous string is a literal for a string value in the source code of a computer program. Modern programming languages commonly use a quoted sequence of characters, formally "bracketed delimiters", as in x = "foo" , where , "foo" is a string literal with value foo .
because the argument to f must be a variable integer, but i is a constant integer. This matching is a form of program correctness, and is known as const-correctness.This allows a form of programming by contract, where functions specify as part of their type signature whether they modify their arguments or not, and whether their return value is modifiable or not.
String interning also reduces memory usage if there are many instances of the same string value; for instance, it is read from a network or from storage. Such strings may include magic numbers or network protocol information. For example, XML parsers may intern names of tags and attributes to save memory.
It was retained so as to keep backward compatibility with existing installations. [ 17 ] Moreover, in C++ (and later versions of C) equality operations, with the exception of the three-way comparison operator, yield bool type values which are conceptually a single bit (1 or 0) and as such do not properly belong in "bitwise" operations.