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The alloy number is simply a general classifier, whereas it is the specification itself that narrows down the steel to a very specific standard. The SAE steel grade system's correspondence to other alloy numbering systems, such as the ASTM-SAE unified numbering system (UNS), can be seen in cross-referencing tables (including the ones given below).
Alloy specifications can be checked using the Alloy Analyzer. Although Alloy is designed with automatic analysis in mind, Alloy differs from many specification languages designed for model-checking in that it permits the definition of infinite models. The Alloy Analyzer is designed to perform finite scope checks even on infinite models.
Alloy (Alloy Analyzer) BLAST (Berkeley Lazy Abstraction Software Verification Tool) CADP (Construction and Analysis of Distributed Processes) a toolbox for the design of communication protocols and distributed systems; CPAchecker: an open-source software model checker for C programs, based on the CPA framework
A metallurgical assay is a compositional analysis of an ore, metal, or alloy, usually performed in order to test for purity or quality. Some assay methods are suitable for raw materials; others are more appropriate for finished goods. Raw precious metals are assayed by an assay office.
An alloy is distinct from an impure metal in that, with an alloy, the added elements are well controlled to produce desirable properties, while impure metals such as wrought iron are less controlled, but are often considered useful. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.
Alloy steels variously improve strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, hardenability, and hot hardness. To achieve these improved properties the metal may require specific heat treating , combined with strict cooling protocols.
The alloys have relatively low softening temperatures, allowing casting of complex shapes without needing finishing. The material properties immediately after casting are much better than those of conventional metals; usually, cast metals have worse properties than forged or wrought ones.
Aluminium brass is a technically rather uncommon term for high-strength and partly seawater-resistant copper-zinc cast and wrought alloys with 55–66% copper, up to 7% aluminium, up to 4.5% iron, and 5% manganese. Aluminium bronze is technically correct as bronze, a zinc-free copper-tin casting alloy with aluminium content.