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  2. Markowitz model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markowitz_model

    The Capital Market Line says that the return from a portfolio is the risk-free rate plus risk premium. Risk premium is the product of the market price of risk and the quantity of risk, and the risk is the standard deviation of the portfolio. The CML equation is : R P = I RF + (R M – I RF)σ P /σ M. where, R P = expected return of portfolio

  3. Single-index model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-index_model

    r it is return to stock i in period t r f is the risk free rate (i.e. the interest rate on treasury bills) r mt is the return to the market portfolio in period t is the stock's alpha, or abnormal return is the stock's beta, or responsiveness to the market return

  4. Security characteristic line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_characteristic_line

    Negative abnormal returns (α): Below-average returns that cannot be explained by below-market risk Security characteristic line (SCL) is a regression line, [ 1 ] plotting performance of a particular security or portfolio against that of the market portfolio at every point in time.

  5. Treynor ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treynor_ratio

    In finance, the Treynor reward-to-volatility model (sometimes called the reward-to-volatility ratio or Treynor measure [1]), named after American economist Jack L. Treynor, [2] is a measurement of the returns earned in excess of that which could have been earned on an investment that has no risk that can be diversified (e.g., Treasury bills or a completely diversified portfolio), per unit of ...

  6. Capital asset pricing model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_asset_pricing_model

    An estimation of the CAPM and the security market line (purple) for the Dow Jones Industrial Average over 3 years for monthly data.. In finance, the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is a model used to determine a theoretically appropriate required rate of return of an asset, to make decisions about adding assets to a well-diversified portfolio.

  7. Risk premium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_premium

    A risk premium is a measure of excess return that is required by an individual to compensate being subjected to an increased level of risk. [1] It is used widely in finance and economics, the general definition being the expected risky return less the risk-free return, as demonstrated by the formula below. [2]

  8. Sharpe ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpe_ratio

    Suppose the asset has an expected return of 15% in excess of the risk free rate. We typically do not know if the asset will have this return. We estimate the risk of the asset, defined as standard deviation of the asset's excess return, as 10%. The risk-free return is constant.

  9. Price variance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_Variance

    Price variance (Vmp) is a term used in cost accounting which denotes the difference between the expected cost of an item (standard cost) and the actual cost at the time of purchase. [1] The price of an item is often affected by the quantity of items ordered, and this is taken into consideration.