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Epidemic typhus, also known as louse-borne typhus, is a form of typhus so named because the disease often causes epidemics following wars and natural disasters where civil life is disrupted. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Epidemic typhus is spread to people through contact with infected body lice , in contrast to endemic typhus which is usually transmitted by fleas .
Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. [1] Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. [ 1 ] Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure.
Rickettsia typhi is a causative agent of murine typhus (endemic typhus) in humans and is distributed worldwide. [26] It is an acute, febrile illness that is mainly transmitted by the fleas of rodents, commonly associated with cities and ports where urban rats ( Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus ) are abundant. [ 26 ]
Scrub typhus or bush typhus is a form of typhus caused by the intracellular parasite Orientia tsutsugamushi, a Gram-negative α-proteobacterium of family Rickettsiaceae first isolated and identified in 1930 in Japan. [2] [3]
Prof. Rudolf Weigl's anti-typhus vaccine at POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw. In 1930, following Charles Nicolle's 1909 discovery that lice were the vector of epidemic typhus, and following the work done on a vaccine for the closely related Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Weigl took the next step and developed a technique to produce a typhus vaccine by growing infected lice ...
The 1847 North American typhus epidemic occurs. The outbreak of epidemic typhus is caused by a massive Irish emigration in 1847, [18] during the Great Famine, aboard crowded and disease-ridden "coffin ships". Typhus: Canada, United States 1851: Discovery: Theodor Bilharz discovers the parasite responsible for schistosomiasis.
1866 Finnish typhus epidemic; 1915 typhus and relapsing fever epidemic in Serbia; B. Brill–Zinsser disease; C. Coffin ship; D. Diseases and epidemics of the 19th ...
In a 1990s presentation of a 1985 witness interview, Dr. Russell Barton explains the typhus epidemic conditions in the WW2 Belsen concentration / POW camp. He states that about 56% of people with the disease died of it, and that younger persons had a better chance of survival because their blood vessel and capillary walls were more elastic than ...