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  2. Cross contamination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Cross_contamination&...

    From a page move: This is a redirect from a page that has been moved (renamed).This page was kept as a redirect to avoid breaking links, both internal and external, that may have been made to the old page name.

  3. Cross-sectional study - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-sectional_study

    In medical research, epidemiology, social science, and biology, a cross-sectional study (also known as a cross-sectional analysis, transverse study, prevalence study) is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time—that is, cross-sectional data. [definition needed]

  4. Crossover study - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_study

    For curative treatments or rapidly changing conditions, cross-over trials may be infeasible or unethical. Crossover studies often have two problems: First is the issue of "order" effects, because it is possible that the order in which treatments are administered may affect the outcome. An example might be a drug with many adverse effects given ...

  5. Nested case–control study - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested_case–control_study

    By utilizing data previously collected from a large cohort study, the time and cost of beginning a new case–control study is avoided. By only measuring the covariate in as many participants as necessary, the cost and effort of exposure assessment is reduced.

  6. Contamination delay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contamination_delay

    Here, the contamination delay is the amount of time needed for a change in the flip-flop clock input to result in the initial change at the flip-flop output (Q). If there is insufficient delay from the output of the first flip-flop to the input of the second, the input may change before the hold time has passed.

  7. Cross-validation (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-validation_(statistics)

    Cross-validation, [2] [3] [4] sometimes called rotation estimation [5] [6] [7] or out-of-sample testing, is any of various similar model validation techniques for assessing how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent data set. Cross-validation includes resampling and sample splitting methods that use different ...

  8. List of food contamination incidents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_food_contamination...

    2013 aflatoxin contaminationContamination with aflatoxins results in a milk recall in Europe and a dog food recall in the United States in February and March. 2013, May – A Chinese crime ring was found to have passed off rat, mink, and small mammal meat as mutton for more than 1 million USD in Shanghai and Jiangsu province markets. [79]

  9. Contamination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contamination

    Within the sciences, the word "contamination" can take on a variety of subtle differences in meaning, whether the contaminant is a solid or a liquid, [3] as well as the variance of environment the contaminant is found to be in. [2] A contaminant may even be more abstract, as in the case of an unwanted energy source that may interfere with a process. [2]