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Biomimetic composites are being made by mimicking natural design strategies. The designs or structures found in animals and plants have been studied and these biological structures are applied to manufacture composite structure. Advanced manufacturing techniques like 3d printing are being used by the researcher to fabricate them. [24]
Composite materials are also becoming more common in the realm of orthopedic surgery, [42] and it is the most common hockey stick material. Carbon composite is a key material in today's launch vehicles and heat shields for the re-entry phase of spacecraft. It is widely used in solar panel substrates, antenna reflectors and yokes of spacecraft.
A macroscopic example is the mule, which is more suited for hard work than either of its parents, the horse and the donkey. The size of the individual components and the nature of their interaction (covalent, electrostatic, etc.) do not enter into the definition of a hybrid material. [4]
Since macroscopic characteristics of fibers influence the behavior of the resulting composite, the following physical and mechanical properties are of particular interest: Dimensions: The relationship between the length and diameter of the fibers is a determining factor in the transfer of efforts to the matrix.
Both the structure and composition of biopolymer or bio-composite have an effect on the biodegradation process, hence changing the composition and structure might increase biodegradability. [73] Soil and compost as environment conditions are more efficient in biodegradation due to their high microbial diversity. [ 73 ]
Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the structures, chemical synthesis, and chemical and physical properties of polymers and macromolecules. The principles and methods used within polymer chemistry are also applicable through a wide range of other chemistry sub-disciplines like organic chemistry , analytical ...
For example, polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) or PS-b-PMMA (where b = block) is usually made by first polymerizing styrene, and then subsequently polymerizing methyl methacrylate (MMA) from the reactive end of the polystyrene chains. This polymer is a "diblock copolymer" because it contains two different chemical blocks.
One of the early examples of biomimicry was the study of birds to enable human flight.Although never successful in creating a "flying machine", Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was a keen observer of the anatomy and flight of birds, and made numerous notes and sketches on his observations as well as sketches of "flying machines". [8]