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Vitamin B complex. Vitamin B 1 (thiamin) Vitamin B 2 (riboflavin) Vitamin B 3 (niacin) Vitamin B 5 (pantothenic acid) Vitamin B 6 group: Pyridoxine; Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate; Pyridoxamine; Vitamin B 7 (biotin) Vitamin B 9 (folate) Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) Choline; Vitamin A (e.g. retinol (see also - provitamin A carotenoids)) Vitamin C (Ascorbic ...
Humans require thirteen vitamins in their diet, most of which are actually groups of related molecules (e.g. vitamin E includes tocopherols and tocotrienols): [20] vitamins A, C, D, E, K, thiamine (B 1), riboflavin (B 2), niacin (B 3), pantothenic acid (B 5), pyridoxine (B 6), biotin (B 7), folate (B 9), and cobalamin (B 12). The requirement ...
[3] [6] For human nutrition, micronutrient requirements are in amounts generally less than 100 milligrams per day, whereas macronutrients are required in gram quantities daily. [6] A multiple micronutrient powder of at least iron, zinc , and vitamin A was added to the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines in 2019. [ 7 ]
Vitamin B 12 deficiency is preventable with supplements, which are recommended for pregnant vegetarians and vegans, and not harmful in others. [2] Risk of toxicity due to vitamin B 12 is low. [2] Vitamin B 12 deficiency in the US and the UK is estimated to occur in about 6 percent of those under the age of 60, and 20 percent of those over the ...
The Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group estimate that under nutrition, "including fetal growth restriction, stunting, wasting, deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc along with suboptimum breastfeeding—is a cause of 3.1 million child deaths and infant mortality, or 45% of all child deaths in 2011".
Micronutrient deficiencies are considered a public health problem worldwide. For over 30 years it has been estimated that more than two billion people of all ages are affected by this burden, [1] while a recently published study based on individual-level biomarker data estimated that there are 372 million children aged 5 years and younger, and 1.2 billion non-pregnant women of reproductive age ...
Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue growth and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, regulating mineral metabolism for bones and other organs. The B complex vitamins function as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them.
B vitamins, also known as the B-complex, are an interrelated group of nutrients which often co-occur in food. The complex consists of: thiamine (B 1), riboflavin (B 2), niacin (B 3), pantothenic acid (B 5), pyridoxin (B 6), folic acid (B 9), cobalamin (B 12), and biotin. [18] B vitamins are not synthesized in the body, and thus need to be ...