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Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cl O H, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Its structure is H−O−Cl . It is an acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water , and itself partially dissociates , forming a hypochlorite anion , ClO − .
Chlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the formula HClO 2. It is a weak acid. Chlorine has oxidation state +3 in this acid. The pure substance is unstable, disproportionating to hypochlorous acid (Cl oxidation state +1) and chloric acid (Cl oxidation state +5): 2 HClO 2 → HClO + HClO 3
Chloric acid, H Cl O 3, is an oxoacid of chlorine, and the formal precursor of chlorate salts. It is a strong acid ( p K a ≈ −2.7) and an oxidizing agent . Properties
For example, pK a for HClO is 7.2, for HClO 2 is 2.0, for HClO 3 is −1 and HClO 4 is a strong acid (pK a ≪ 0). [7] The increased acidity on adding an oxo group is due to stabilization of the conjugate base by delocalization of its negative charge over an additional oxygen atom. [47]
The resulting solution is called hydrochloric acid and is a strong acid. The acid dissociation or ionization constant, K a, is large, which means HCl dissociates or ionizes practically completely in water. Even in the absence of water, hydrogen chloride can still act as an acid.
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.
It provides strong acidity with minimal interference because perchlorate is weakly nucleophilic (explaining the high acidity of HClO 4). Other acids of noncoordinating anions , such as fluoroboric acid and hexafluorophosphoric acid are susceptible to hydrolysis, whereas perchloric acid is not.
For example, aqueous perchloric acid (HClO 4), aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) and aqueous nitric acid (HNO 3) are all completely ionized, and are all equally strong acids. [3] Similarly, when ammonia is the solvent, the strongest acid is ammonium (NH 4 +), thus HCl and a super acid exert the same acidifying effect. The same argument applies to ...