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Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cl O H, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO. [2] [3] Its structure is H−O−Cl.It is an acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water, and itself partially dissociates, forming a hypochlorite anion, ClO −.
Hydrochloric acid is a strong inorganic acid that is used in many industrial processes such as refining metal. The application often determines the required product quality. [ 25 ] Hydrogen chloride, not hydrochloric acid, is used more widely in industrial organic chemistry, e.g. for vinyl chloride and dichloroethane .
Chlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the formula HClO 2. It is a weak acid. Chlorine has oxidation state +3 in this acid. The pure substance is unstable, disproportionating to hypochlorous acid (Cl oxidation state +1) and chloric acid (Cl oxidation state +5): 2 HClO 2 → HClO + HClO 3
The following are strong acids in aqueous and dimethyl sulfoxide solution. As mentioned above, because the dissociation is so strongly favored, the concentrations of and thus the values of cannot be measured experimentally. The values in the following table are average values from as many as 8 different theoretical calculations.
On the other hand, if a chemical is a weak acid its conjugate base will not necessarily be strong. Consider that ethanoate, the conjugate base of ethanoic acid, has a base splitting constant (Kb) of about 5.6 × 10 −10, making it a weak base. In order for a species to have a strong conjugate base it has to be a very weak acid, like water.
For example, aqueous perchloric acid (HClO 4), aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) and aqueous nitric acid (HNO 3) are all completely ionized, and are all equally strong acids. [3] Similarly, when ammonia is the solvent, the strongest acid is ammonium (NH 4 +), thus HCl and a super acid exert the same acidifying effect. The same argument applies to ...
For example, pK a for HClO is 7.2, for HClO 2 is 2.0, for HClO 3 is −1 and HClO 4 is a strong acid (pK a ≪ 0). [7] The increased acidity on adding an oxo group is due to stabilization of the conjugate base by delocalization of its negative charge over an additional oxygen atom. [47]
Ba(ClO 3) 2 + H 2 SO 4 → 2 HClO 3 + BaSO 4 The chlorate must be dissolved in boiling water and the acid should be somewhat diluted in water and heated before mixing. Another method which can be used to produce solutions up to 10% concentration is by the use of cation exchange resins and a soluble salt such as NaClO 3 , where the Na+ cation ...