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A meta-analysis is typically a systematic review using statistical methods to effectively combine the data used on all selected studies to produce a more reliable result. [3] Torraco (2016) [4] describes an integrative literature review. The purpose of an integrative literature review is to generate new knowledge on a topic through the process ...
John W. Tukey wrote the book Exploratory Data Analysis in 1977. [6] Tukey held that too much emphasis in statistics was placed on statistical hypothesis testing (confirmatory data analysis); more emphasis needed to be placed on using data to suggest hypotheses to test.
A book review may be a primary source, an opinion piece, a summary review, or a scholarly view. [2] Books can be reviewed for printed periodicals, magazines, and newspapers, as school work, or for book websites on the Internet. A book review's length may vary from a single paragraph to a substantial essay.
The informative abstract, also known as the complete abstract, is a compendious summary of a paper's substance and its background, purpose, methodology, results, and conclusion. [23] [24] Usually between 100 and 200 words, the informative abstract summarizes the paper's structure, its major topics and key points. [23]
For example, work by Lin and Bilmes, 2012 [26] shows that submodular functions achieve the best results to date on DUC-04, DUC-05, DUC-06 and DUC-07 systems for document summarization. Similarly, work by Lin and Bilmes, 2011, [27] shows that many existing systems for automatic summarization are instances of submodular functions. This was a ...
Concordance – an alphabetical list of the principal words used in a book or body of work; Dictionary – a list of words from one or more languages, systematically arranged and giving meanings, etymologies etc. Digest – a summary of information on a particular subject; Directory – a systematically arranged list of names, addresses ...
By splitting the data into multiple parts, we can check if an analysis (like a fitted model) based on one part of the data generalizes to another part of the data as well. [144] Cross-validation is generally inappropriate, though, if there are correlations within the data, e.g. with panel data . [ 145 ]
The use of descriptive and summary statistics has an extensive history and, indeed, the simple tabulation of populations and of economic data was the first way the topic of statistics appeared. More recently, a collection of summarisation techniques has been formulated under the heading of exploratory data analysis : an example of such a ...