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  2. Holy Roman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire

    The Holy Roman Empire, [f] headed by the Holy Roman Emperor, [16] developed in Central Europe in the Early Middle Ages and lasted for almost a thousand years until its dissolution in 1806. [ 17 ] On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne Roman emperor, reviving the title more than three centuries after the fall of ...

  3. List of Roman emperors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_emperors

    Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]

  4. Middle Ages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages

    Middle Ages c. AD 500 – 1500 A medieval stained glass panel from Canterbury Cathedral, c. 1175 – c. 1180, depicting the Parable of the Sower, a biblical narrative Including Early Middle Ages High Middle Ages Late Middle Ages Key events Fall of the Western Roman Empire Spread of Islam Treaty of Verdun East–West Schism Crusades Magna Carta Hundred Years' War Black Death Fall of ...

  5. Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor

    The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum; German: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period [1] (Latin: Imperator Germanorum; German: Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire.

  6. Roman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire

    Roman Empire in AD 117 at its greatest territorial extent, ... Classical era to Late Middle Ages : Area; 25 BC [16] 2,750,000 km 2 (1,060,000 sq mi)

  7. History of the papacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_papacy

    Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages, 476–752 (London, 1979). Setton, Kenneth M. The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571 (4 vols. Philadelphia, 1976–1984) Sotinel, Claire. "Emperors and Popes in the Sixth Century". in The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, ed. Michael Maas (Cambridge UP, 2005). Sullivan, Francis (2001).

  8. History of Rome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Rome

    In 480, the last Western Roman emperor, Julius Nepos, was murdered and a Roman general of barbarian origin, Odoacer, declared allegiance to Eastern Roman emperor Zeno. [56] Despite owing nominal allegiance to Constantinople, Odoacer and later the Ostrogoths continued, like the last emperors, to rule Italy as a virtually independent realm from ...

  9. History of the Roman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Empire

    By 258, the Roman Empire broke up into three competing states. The Roman provinces of Gaul, Britain and Hispania broke off to form the Gallic Empire and, two years later in 260, the eastern provinces of Syria, Palestine and Aegyptus became independent as the Palmyrene Empire, leaving the remaining Italian-centred Roman Empire-proper in the middle.