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Saline solution for irrigation. Normal saline (NSS, NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, 308 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per liter. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline (because it is approximately isotonic to blood serum, which makes it a physiologically normal solution).
The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is close to the concentration in the blood . [3] Ringer's lactate or Ringer's acetate is another isotonic solution often used for large-volume fluid replacement. The choice of fluids may also depend on the chemical properties of ...
Flushing with saline should be painless if the cannula is in its proper place, although if the saline is not warmed there may be a cold sensation running up the vein. A painful flush may indicate tissuing or phlebitis and is an indication that the cannula should be relocated. [1] Solutions other than normal saline may be used.
The types of intravenous fluids used in fluid replacement are generally within the class of volume expanders. Physiologic saline solution, or 0.9% sodium chloride solution, is often used because it is isotonic, and therefore will not cause potentially dangerous fluid shifts. Also, if it is anticipated that blood will be given, normal saline is ...
The typical composition of a banana bag is 1 liter of normal saline (sodium chloride 0.9%) with: [2] Thiamine 100 mg; Folic acid 1 mg; Multivitamin for infusion (MVI), 1 ampule; Magnesium sulfate 3 g; The solution is typically infused over four to eight hours or as per physician's orders.
BSS (ophthalmic irrigation solution) (produced by Alcon) . Composition per 1 mL: sodium chloride (NaCl) 6.4 mg, potassium chloride (KCl) 0.75 mg, calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O) 0.48 mg, magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 •6H 2 O) 0.3 mg, sodium acetate trihydrate (C 2 H 3 NaO 2 ·3H 2 O) 3.9 mg, sodium citrate dihydrate (C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 ·2H 2 O) 1.7 mg, sodium hydroxide ...
Sodium chloride is used in the Solvay process to produce sodium carbonate and calcium chloride. Sodium carbonate, in turn, is used to produce glass, sodium bicarbonate, and dyes, as well as a myriad of other chemicals. In the Mannheim process, sodium chloride is used for the production of sodium sulfate and hydrochloric acid.
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES/HAES), sold under the brand name Voluven among others, is a nonionic starch derivative, used as a volume expander in intravenous therapy.The use of HES on critically ill patients is associated with an increased risk of death and kidney problems.