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Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. [4] [5] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing [6] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngis, and dysphagia. [7]
Other causes of chest pain such as heart disease should be ruled out before making the diagnosis. [42] Another kind of acid reflux, which causes respiratory and laryngeal signs and symptoms, is called laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or extraesophageal reflux disease (EERD).
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is caused by a gastrinoma, which is a gastrin-producing tumor that causes gastric acid hypersecretion. [11] The main clinical manifestations of ZES are peptic ulcers and diarrhea. [12] The initial diagnostic test for ZES is a fasting serum gastrin level when antisecretory medications are stopped. If the gastrin ...
In gastroenterology, esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of the disease to medical or surgical treatment.
And why “juvenile diabetes” is a misnomer. For premium support please call: 800-290-4726 more ways to reach us
Indigestion is relatively common, affecting 20% of people at some point during their life, and is frequently caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastritis. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] Indigestion is subcategorized as either "organic" or " functional dyspepsia ", but making the diagnosis can prove challenging for physicians. [ 6 ]
Laryngotracheal stenosis is an umbrella term for a wide and heterogeneous group of very rare conditions. The population incidence of adult post-intubation laryngotracheal stenosis which is the commonest benign sub-type of this condition is approximately 1 in 200,000 adults per year. [10] The main causes of adult laryngotracheal stenosis are:
A fasting blood sugar level of ≥ 7.0 mmol / L (126 mg/dL) is used in the general diagnosis of diabetes. [17] There are no clear guidelines for the diagnosis of LADA, but the criteria often used are that the patient should develop the disease in adulthood, not need insulin treatment for the first 6 months after diagnosis and have autoantibodies in the blood.