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Immortalised cell lines are widely used as a simple model for more complex biological systems – for example, for the analysis of the biochemistry and cell biology of mammalian (including human) cells. [2]
Many methods are used to identify cell lines, including isoenzyme analysis, human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) typing, chromosomal analysis, karyotyping, morphology and STR analysis. [35] One significant cell-line cross contaminant is the immortal HeLa cell line. HeLa contamination was first noted in the early 1960s in non-human culture in the USA.
Human embryonic kidney 293 cells, also often referred to as HEK 293, HEK-293, 293 cells, are an immortalised cell line derived from HEK cells isolated from a female fetus in the 1970s. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The HEK 293 cell line has been widely used in research for decades due to its reliable and fast growth and propensity for transfection .
The story of how the HeLa cell line came to be was also the subject of a 2010 episode of the podcast Radiolab. [69] HeLa cells were the subject of a 2010 book by Rebecca Skloot, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, investigating the historical context of the cell line and how the Lacks family was involved in its use. [14]
CHO cells are the most common mammalian cell line used for mass production of therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies, used in 70% of therapeutic mAbs. [2] They can produce recombinant protein on the scale of 3–10 grams per liter of culture. [ 10 ]
Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are a model mammalian cell line used in biomedical research. MDCK cells are used for a wide variety of cell biology studies including cell polarity , cell-cell adhesions (termed adherens junctions ), collective cell motility, toxicity studies, [ 1 ] as well as responses to growth factors.
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